沟通的现状
- 沟通不容易
- 沟通应该是相互的理解过程 Communication is
SHARED UNDERSTANDING.
- 萧伯纳(G. B. Shaw)：The single biggest problem in communication is the illusion that it has taken place.”
- 我们面对太多信息噪音 We are overwhelmed by NOISE!
- 彼得·德鲁克(Peter Drucker)：The noise level has gone up so fast that…there is clearly less and less communicating.
- 人们的注意力非常短 People have brief attention spans
怎么有效地沟通？
- 必须清楚你的观众群体 You must know what it is like
to be the Audience
- 我们生活在一个多样化的世界 We live in a world of diversity
- 你的观众群体忙碌，不喜欢思考，容易分散注意力，代表着多元文化…
- 必须给他们带来好处 Show the reader a benefit.
- 必须吸引人的注意力 You must attract attention!
- 了解人类的大脑 You must penetrate the Reptile Brain.
- 使用以下要素：新奇的事情，动作，故事，提问，引用 (Novelty, Movement, Story, Questions, Quotes)…
- 思考：你的故事是什么？What is your story?
- 故事的组成：Setting 设定 - Conflict 冲突 - Characters 角色 - Plot 密谋 - 高潮 Climax - 结局 Resolution
- 讲故事使一件事更容易记住 FACTS are 22 TIMES MORE LIKELY TO BE RECALLED when told in the form of a story.
- 简单书写！Write with SIMPLICITY!
- 所有人崇尚简单 ALL audiences value SIMPLICITY!
- 达芬奇：Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication.
- 爱因斯坦：Everything should be made AS SIMPLE AS POSSIBLE, but not simpler.
- 使用简单的单词 (1-2 syllables)
- 写简单的句子 (<15 words)
- 写精短的段落 (1-5 sentences)
七个写作的诀窍 The Seven Secrets
1. 使用动词 Prefer action verbs
- 动词是句子中最重要的词 VERB IS MOST IMPORTANT WORDin a sentence.
- 避免名词，不要把动词变成名词形式 AVOID Nominals.
- 反之，尽量多地将名词变为动词形式 turn VERBS into nouns and adjectives.
- 避免Being动词：is, am, are, was, were, be, being, been …
2. 使用主动语态 Prefer active voice
- 尽量将被动语态转换成主动语态
- 使用主动语态可以避免模糊不清和歧义
3. 让人和事做主语 Make people and things the subjects of sentences
4. 在段落中使用关键句表达中心思想 Use topic sentences for clarity and coherence
- 使用如下结构：
- 介绍 Introduction Paragraph
- 中心句-支撑论据-结论 Topic sentence-supporting sentences-conclusion
- 中心句-支撑论据-结论 Topic sentence-supporting sentences-conclusion
- 中心句-支撑论据-结论 Topic sentence-supporting sentences-conclusion
- 结尾 Conclusion Paragraph
5. 做好过渡 Use good transitions
- 使用连接词做过渡 Use transition through conjunctions
6. 使用平行结构 Use parallel structure
- 举例
- Good food. Good life.
- Expect more. Pay less.
- You can do it. We can help.
7. 让文章易于阅读 Design documents for ease of reading.
一些注意事项
- 尽量避免使用 should, would, could, may, might
- 尽量避免使用 It is, it was, it has been, it will be…句式
- 尽量避免使用 There is, there are, there was, there were, there will be, there has been…句式
- 原因：使用being动词的句子难以找到主语；这些句子更容易使用名词(nominals)
- 使用主语-动词-宾语结构 S-V-O(subject-verb-object)
- 使用数字：one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine
- 使用冠词：a, an, the
附：这篇笔记和我两年前做过的《英文写作的魅力》读书笔记非常相似。欢迎点击阅读。